1、On the differences between market research of industrial and consumable products
Introduction
"The industrial products" and "the consumable products" are closely connected with each other, constituting this unified integer, the consumer market. The national practice activities and the theory discussions of the consumable products market study have risen up vigorously in the 80s and 90s of the last century. even if the practice activities of the industrial products market study has never stopped, relative theory discussions are rarely seen. This paper tries to compare the differences between the market studies of the industrial products and the consumable products in order to make a market study of the industrial products from aspects of study intention, study contents, methodology and so on.
Relative definitions
In order to unfold the narration of this paper, relative words are defined at first as follows
The industrial products and the consumable products: there are many ways to define the industrial products and the consumable products. One relatively consistent idea is that the ideas of the industrial products and the consumable products are opposite to each other; industrial products are the products or services designed and produced in order to satisfy the needs (including production, reselling, capital equipment, maintenance or study and development) of various organizations (manufacturers, tunnel businessmen, hospitals or schools and so on). The fashionable saying is B to B product. The specific forms include raw material, equipment, installation pieces (unit pieces), retailed pieces (special pieces), consumable recruit, system or service and so on. And the consumable products are products and services designed and produced in order to satisfy the needs of the personal consumers or family consumers. The fashionable saying is B to C product.
The fact that needs accentuating is that certain products shouldn’t be dissevered to regard as “industrial product” or “consumable products”. Instead, the purchasing intention of the products should be considered, such as the metallic lifting products of the building material, which has both the nature of “industrial products” and the nature of “consumable products”. When its marketing target is a construction project company or the construction design institute, the metallic lifting should be regarded as “industrial product”; when it is sold to thousands of families for using of household environmental maintenance, it is regarded as consumable product”.
Compared with the consumable product markets, the industrial product market has following five characteristics:
1. There are less steps and shorter marketing tunnels when the industrial products are produced and sold to the ultimate customers. The technical support of the marketing process should be paid more attention to. There is more direct selling. Even if the marketing salesmen are developed, the tunnel collocation is simpler compared with the multiple-level wholesale methods of the consumable products.
2. There are fewer customers in the industrial product markets, and the concentration degree is relatively higher. For example, the middle and high pressure electric equipment in some district market is faced with such customers as several transformer substation or power supply stations, while the consumable products are faced with the same large-scale individual or family customers.
3. The sum of the single dealing in the industrial product market is larger with complex decision-making policy of the products and the accomplishment flow. The sum of the consumable products involved is smaller. After simpler price inquiry the individual or family consumers can make decisions to purchase and can accomplish the purchase behavior in short time. But the price of the single dealing of the industrial dealing is higher or the purchase is in larger quantity. The sum involved is far higher than the single consumable products. And because of the specialty of the purchase intentions, the decision-making policy and the purchase flow involved are also very complex.
4. There are strong links between the products in the industrial product markets. The industrial products are used for reproduction. Therefore, the connected products should be considered, such as whether the thickness of the ammonia is appropriate for the requirements of the production, whether the bearings can satisfy the connecting standard of other vehicles’ fittings and so on. However, the consumable products will not consider such problems.
5. The industrial products are changed before the consumable products, more sensitive on technique than consumable products. Since the industrial products are always positioned on the upper reaches of the industry, the consumable products’ function can be changed only after the industrial products have accomplished the technical change. Therefore, compared with the consumable products, the industrial product market is more sensitive on techniques.
The “industrial products” and the “consumable products” are connected with each other, constituting the unified integer together. The market study job focused on these two products hasn’t been developed because of kinds of objective reasons. This paper combines the actual experiences of the Shanghai Co-win Market Research Co., Ltd. in the aspect of “industrial product market study”. Through the differences between the market study of the industrial products and the consumable products, the paper has made a preliminary discussion on the intention, contents and methodology of the market study of the industrial products.
2、The refutation of the argument of "CI is the new dress of the emperor"
When heard of the argument of "competitive intelligence is the new dress of the emperor" at first, I was surprised by it. After reading the original article of Mr. Wang, I couldn"t help saying something
Form the original article the main arguments of Mr. Wang are three: the first is "the competitive intelligence hasn"t been valued and applied in most companies except for a small number of advanced companies"; the second is "even if the professional intelligence graduates are introduced in the company and are provided with computers and software, the obtained competitive intelligence is irrelevant totally unlike the imagination"; the third is "the persons who want to know the competitive intelligence are mostly scholars and students; the company"s personnel are trained and advanced in a short time don"t know where to begin with so that there is no conclusion". According to these arguments, Mr. Wang believes that the most necessary method for the middle and small companies is "the self-evaluation method of the company"s sale strength", with an aim to "realize the advantages and disadvantages of the company"s marketing work and make effective control". As to the competitive intelligence, the conclusion of Mr. Wang is "let the competitive intelligence go to hell".
If not considering that where the quantifiable data of the competitors in the self-evaluation methods of the company"s sale strength came from, Mr. Wang accentuated that application targets of the competitive intelligence are middle and small companies in china from the analysis of the arguments. The intention of the application is to obtain business intelligence and secrets, with an emphasis on the marketing level so that the competitive intelligence can be limited within a mistaken area.
The competitive intelligence is not simply the business secrets, but an overall supervision process of the integrated competitive environment according to the definition of the American competitive intelligence practitioner. The competitive environment includes a lot of contents, such as the macro economic environment and policy and so on, as well as the prosperity degree, the supply and demand conditions and industrial policies and so on of the industries the company has been in, in addition to the personnel and capital supply and marketing conditions of the company itself and the competitors.
According to Co-win"s analysis of the actual experiences, the foreign investment companies, large national holding companies and rapidly developing civil companies have large demand of the competitive intelligence. But it is hard for the middle and small companies to devote personnel and material resources to competitive intelligence study because of the problems on the aspects of the budget and awareness. The writer believes that the budget problem can not be solved in a short time, but the awareness problem must be immediately solved. Especially for the rapidly developing middle and small companies, the competitive intelligence experiences of the mature companies should be borrowed and used for reference so as to strengthen the company"s own competitive.
We have once had contact with a European architectural pottery manufacturer, which plans to set up factories to produce and sell pottery products. Their decision-making thinking is to realize the competitive pattern of the Chinese architectural pottery products ahead of time, including the workshop positions, the purchasing methods, production scale, production value, sale, marketing methods, gross profit rate, investment profit rate of the main manufacturers in China, as well as the supply and demand scale of the overall markets and national policies and so on. The intention is to decide whether to enter the Chinese market and how to enter the Chinese market. From this case analysis the workshop addresses and the purchasing methods of the competitors are related to the future workshop addresses; the production scale and the production value of the competitors are related to the future equipment investment and production arrangement; the sale and marketing methods of the competitors are related to the taking budget and marketing methods; the gross profit rate and the investment profit rate are directly related to the investment return; the supply and demand scale and the industrial guiding policy are closely connected with the development foreground of the future markets. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative analysis on the competitive environment can help the decide-makers invade investment errors. Compared with the case that some areas in China brought about investment loss because of blind project establishment, the competitive intelligence awareness of this European pottery manufacturers is worthy of being used for reference by many companies.
From the record of Mr. Wang, he should be a marketing expert. But the application scale of the competitive intelligence should be larger than marketing fields, and the application intention is not simply to obtain the marketing intelligence and business secrets to replicate the kernel competitive of the competitors. The writer believes that the competitive intelligence, as a systematic job, needs to know the various aspects of the competitive environments, solve the problems of the information asymmetry, discover and exert the company"s own kernel competitive in order to tamp basis for the company"s long-term development.
3、The application of Complex Competitive Index in competitive investigation
1. Introduction
When a company is going to enter a new market, it always hopes to know the conditions of the objective competitors so as to analyze the competitive to establish the future competitive strategies. Because the new enterers are positioned in the state of information asymmetry, it is very hard for them to determine who the primary and real competitors are when they are faced with a lot of potential competitors. Under the restriction of limited time and charge, to study all of the competitors is unreal and unwise. However, subjectively appointing some competitors for study may leak the target competitors. The competitive analysis on the incorrect target competitors will lead to false market entrance policy and set up inaccurate competitive strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to make use of a scientific method to choose the target competitors.
Generally speaking, the target competitors are rather active in the markets. We can obtain the lists of a group of market hustlers and market occupiers easily through multiple information tunnels. The target competitors are a part of such potential competitors. Unit index (such as, the output, sale or brand well-known degree and so on) can be used to determine target competitors through simple filtration. But a single index can抰 always reflect the comprehensive strength of the competitors objectively and comprehensively, while CCI (Complex Competitive Index) method is a relatively comprehensive and scientific filtration method.
2. Definition and the intension of CCI
CCI (Complex Competitive Index) method calculates the scores of the complex competitive of every potential competitor in a list of the potential competitive companies within a certain profile, and arranges the orders so as to filter a method of target competitive companies.
In fact, CCI method is a filtering tool. The basic thinking of this method is to divide the complex competitive index of the potential competitors into several quantifiable sub-indexes (such as price level, the investment scale, output sale and the brand well-known degree and so on). Every sub-index multiples corresponding weight after being evaluated and adds to the total sum, obtaining the complex competitive scores of every potential competitor (CCI scores). The potential competitors are ranked according to the CCI scores, and the competitors who rank in the front are target competitors.
4、The choice of the competitive interviewees —— from who know who to who need who
Introduction
The competitive interview is one of the most basic and the most regular methods in the actual combat. Successful interview can bring valuable intelligence, while unsuccessful interview will lead to guard of the target interviewees rather than obtain effective information.
To realize successful interview, preparatory work needs to be done, one of which is to choose the interviewees. This paper sums up the actual combat experiences, concluding the frame from who know who to who need who, providing reference for the personnel in the industries.
What is competitive interview?
The competitive interview refers to the activities done by the intelligence agents who get contact with the interior competitive personnel and obtain accurate intelligence through telephone interview or the actual combat visit.
Interview is an ordinary behavior in the activities of the competitive intelligence, but the discussion of the national intelligence theory fields on such behavior is seldom seen. The main reason of this is that such behavior mostly appears in the grey zone regulated by the law. Actually competitive interview is a kind of special business activity, with an aim to obtain intelligence and improve the company’s own competitive. This paper focuses on how to enter the competitive interview in the competitive interview process, including how to choose the interviewees, how to establish interview contact with the interviewees and so on.
The choice of the competitive interviewees in the frame of the personal network theory
As is known to all, choosing proper interviewees at proper time plays a very important part in the success of the interviews. Traditionally the choice of the interviewees is based on the personal network theory support.
The personal network, which comes from an idea of sociology, is paid attention to by the investigators of the competitive intelligence theory because of its focus on the information flow in the daily personal contact. It is also regarded as one of the theoretic basis of the activities of the competitive intelligence. Bao Changhuo, Xie Xinzhou and other scholars have made systematic narration through papers.
The personal network theory divides the personal network into “connecting points and contact”. The “connecting points” can be divided according to different degrees into: individuals and organizations, the information experts and information sale promoters and linkman and so on. “Contact” makes theory sublimation to the information exchange methods of various existing types. It has gone through certain empirical tests, that is, “small world tests”, to get the following conclusion: any two personal connecting points in the world can establish contact through certain relations, and the average length of such relation chain is 5.2 points.
This theory has provided the choice of the intelligence interviewees with a guiding principle, that is, “Who Know Who”. Many intelligence companies carry out intelligence collection activities through the information connecting points having certain relations with the company itself, and at the same time establish profiles for such kind of information connecting points, forming gradually the company’s own intelligence personal network system; at present the products provided by the most intelligence tool providers are equipped with corresponding intelligence personal network modules. Its design thinking is based on the intelligence personal relation theory above.
5、The application of index decomposition method in corporate research
1. Introduction
The study of the company"s competition intelligence is a system program. After determining the job objective, a large amount of information should be collected through multiple tunnels, and then arranged comprehensively and analyzed. At last the kernel data should be got and then formed as intelligence. The kernel data covers various aspects of the production, provision, selling, personnel, capital and products and so on, such as the sale, cost rate, gross profit rate, and the tunnel profit and so on. The competition informatics believes that about 90% of the company"s information is open, but most of the information is scattered and fragmentary, very different from the kernel data of the competition intelligence. And the competition intelligence itself is strongly opposable and concealed. The relatively low success rate of obtaining the kernel data directly is really not easy for the intelligence work.
The systematic method can observe the enterprise as a black box with completely unspecific inside structural mechanism. The competition intelligence personnel can begin with the input and output of the information of the "Black box", determining at first what the kernel data is, then making use of the index decomposition method to analyze various elements influencing the kernel data, solving them one by one and at last obtaining the kernel data. In this process every kernel data is an element of "Black box". Various elements constitute the inside structure of the "Black box". Once the structure is declassified, the black box can be converted into grey box even the white box.
2. The definition of the index decomposition method
Systematics believes that the system is composed of a series of elements which are related to each other and influenced by each other. On the basis of the exterior price and dealing cost optimization, the organization frame and the operation activities of the company must be an organized system so that the kernel data in the company"s competition intelligence study is composed of various elements in the system. The black box theory believes that the specific structured conditions and the operation mechanism of every element in the system haven"t appeared clearly. The model which is supposed to be similar to the study target can be established based on the study of the system"s input and output conditions in order to realize the black box. The index decomposition method, a method used to study the enterprise based on the systematic theory and black box theory, has been widely applied in the study of the competition intelligence,
The index decomposition method is to declassify a relatively complicated index into several sub-indexes, and then study every sub-index so as to achieve the intention of easy analysis and execution convenience. The regular decomposition methods are general declassifications and gradual declassifications: the former subdivides directly the kernel data into several sub-indexes, which are combined to generate kernel data; the latter obtains every sub-index according to the logic progressive relations between the data, obtaining the kernel data finally.