克令吊（特点和用途）
克令吊是一种船舶装卸货物的设备，它具有起重能力大，操纵方便，耐冲击，制动性能好，安全可靠，装卸货效率高与对货物的适应性好等特点，具有效强的稳定性。广州紫石机械制造有限公司生产的船用吊机，品种全，有直臂、伸缩臂和折臂，
Crane(Features and uses)
Grams that crane is loading and unloading of ship"s equipment, it Juyou lifting large capacity, easy operation, impact resistance, braking performance good, safe, efficient loading and unloading goods and the goods Shi Yingxing good features, with You Xiaoqiang stability. Production Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Guangzhou zishi marine cranes, all varieties, there are straight arm, telescopic arm and folded arms, professional provider:
克令吊（使用和维护保养）
液压克令吊是一种技术含量很高的电、液、机一体化的船舶起货设备，在使用过程中，需要具有一定专业知识的技术管理人员，按要求对其进行日常维护。在实际工作中液压克令吊常因缺少应有的维护保养、操作使用不当、工作环境差与年久失修等原因，造成故障率高。据某航运公司对其所属的五条船舶上所使用的25台液压克令吊的维修费用所作的五年统计，年均每条船液压克令吊的维修费用超过200万元人民币。针对液压克令吊在使用中存在的诸多问题，1997年上海海运学院与上海远洋运输公司组成课题组，对液压克令吊的常见故障的类型、成因与维护管理、维修过程中存在问题进行了研究，提出了一系列措施取得了明显效果。
液压克令吊的整治工作主要从三方面着手：一是由课题组组织有关专家、机务管理人员与液压克令吊的管理人员，对液压克令吊的故障类型、故障成因进行分析归类，编写出具有实用价值的技术文件，供船舶管理人员实施，并在使用中不断加以完善；二是通过提高管理人员的专业知识，故障诊断能力与维修技能的培训，以提高管理人员的维护管理水平，并积极推行主动预防性维护；三是针对液压系统的故障有70%与油液清洁度有关的问题，严格控制液压系统的清洁度，使其保持在允许的范围内。
1.液压克令吊故障类型
课题组对液压克令吊的常见故障进行归类，主要存在以下几大类的故障。
(1)液压马达、液压泵运动部件磨损严重。故障现象：故障初期阶段表现为起重能力逐步下降，控制油压偏低，油温偏高。到后期，由于主油路泄漏过大，造成系统油压过低而使液压克令吊不能正常使用。
(2)液压管路破损严重。故障现象：由于液压系统冲击、振动过大，管理失修等原因使液压管路在运行过程中突然破裂，造成大量液压油浪费与环境污染。
(3)液压克令吊工作失常。故障现象：液压系统冲击、振动过大，操纵系统、液压泵零位与制动器间存在明显的调节误差。
(4)液压控制阀动作不灵敏。故障现象：液压系统有冲击、振动，克令吊动作不灵敏，制动器动作不正常。
(5)蓄能器失效。故障现象：克令吊不工作时，控制油压正常；推动操纵手柄离开零位时，控制油压会突然大幅下降，造成低压保护继电器动作而停车。
(6)滤油器滤芯击穿、滤壳破裂、滤油器旁通阀处于开启状态。故障现象：液压油污染严重，系统中出现运动件磨损与控制阀卡死等故障，油箱底部有大量的磨损物出现。
(7)液压油冷却器失效。故障现象：克令吊动作正常，系统油温异常升高，而冷却器进出口无明显的温差，克令吊在正常工作一定时间后，由于高温保护继电器动作而停车。
(8)系统油温过高，故障现象：冷却器进口无明显温差，风机损坏；系统内泄漏过大，某些液压元件表面温度很高，液压马达的转速明显下降。
2.故障成因分析
通过对液压克令吊常见故障的归类分析后认为，造成液压克令吊故障率高的主要原因有：日常维护管理不当、液压油污染严重与液压设备的失修。具体表现为：
(1)缺少对液压油的日常维护。每次到港或使用前不进行油箱底部放残，滤器长期得不到清洗，滤芯得不到定期更换，造成滤器前后压差过大长期处于旁通状态，使液压油得不到应有的过滤，液压油中的固体颗粒污染物大大超过液压克令吊最低使用要求，造成液压马达、液压泵中运动部件的严重磨损与液压控制阀的卡死等故障。
(2)液压油使用不当。液压油长期使用不按要求进行更换；新、旧液压油混合使用；补油时不对液压油进行必要的过滤，使大量的污染物混入；拆卸系统时不注意维护系统清洁，也使液压油遭受污染；油箱透气口滤器得不到应有的维护，破损严重，使大量的污染物进入系统。
(3)液压克令吊的水密封系统缺少维护。造成风浪、雨水对液压设备的侵蚀并混入液压油中，加速液压油的乳化变质。另外，油箱内空气中的水蒸汽受日夜温差作用产生的凝水也是造成液压克令吊中油液含水过多的一个重要因素。
(4)液压系统出现磨损性故障大修后，不对系统与油箱进行必要的冲洗，造成同类型故障在同一台克令吊上重复发生。
(5)液压管路缺少维护。当油管、管接头出现故障征兆时，得不到及时的维修，造成管路爆裂，管接头冲脱，使系统液压油大量漏损并污染环境。
(6)缺少对克令吊液压系统维护。当液压系统工作出现不协调现象时，不能及时进行调整，使液压系统出现严重冲击、振动，带病工作至损坏为止。
(7)密封件与蓄能器皮囊老化、弹簧失效等得不到及时更换，缺少对设备定期维护，造成易损件故障率居高不下。
(8)管理、维修人员缺少必要的专业知识、故障诊断能力与维修技能。当液压克令吊发生故障时，盲目维修，使简单故障变成复杂故障，并引发二次故障，不但造成人力、维修费用的浪费，还会误了船期。
(9)船上缺少必要的备品配件与专用工具，影响到维修工作的正常进行与维修的成功率，以致影响到货物的正常装卸与船期。
(10)液压克令吊的维修非常麻烦与费力，但奖励措施不配套，影响到轮机管理人员的自修积极性，使维修费用居高不下。广州紫石机械制造有限公司售后服务齐全，有专业的售后维修队伍（液压全球联保），
Crane（use and maintenance of ）
Hydraulic cranes is a high-tech electrical, hydraulic, machine integration of ship cargo handling gear, in use, the need to have some knowledge of the technical management personnel, as required to maintain their routine. In the practical work of hydraulic cranes often due to lack of proper maintenance, operation misuse and poor working environment and state of disrepair and other reasons, resulting in high failure rate. According to a shipping company owned five of its ships by the use of 25 hydraulic cranes in the five-year maintenance cost statistics, the average annual hydraulic cranes per ship maintenance costs more than 2 million yuan. Hydraulic cranes for the use of the existing problems in 1997, Shanghai Maritime University and Shanghai Ocean Shipping Company formed discussion group, the hydraulic cranes of the common types of failures, causes and maintenance management, maintenance issues exist in the process study, a series of measures have achieved obvious results.
Hydraulic cranes of the rectification work to proceed mainly on three fronts: first, by the discussion group has organized experts, maintenance managers and hydraulic cranes of the management of hydraulic cranes of the fault type, fault causes were analyzed and classified, the preparation of the practical value of technical documents for the ship management personnel, and constantly be improved in the Shi Yong; 2 through improving management personnel of the Zhuanyezhishi, fault Zhenduannengli and maintenance of skills training in order to improve the management level management personnel Wei Hu and the implementation of proactive preventive maintenance; The third is the failure of hydraulic system fluid cleanliness with 70% of issues related to strictly control the hydraulic system cleanliness, to keep it in the permitted range.
1. Hydraulic cranes fault type
Discussion group on hydraulic cranes of the common faults are classified, primarily in the following categories of the fault.
(1) hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump wear and tear of moving parts seriously. Failure phenomenon: the early stages of failure showed a gradual reduction in lifting capacity, control, low oil pressure, oil temperature high. To the later stages, the main oil line leak is too large, resulting in low Er Shi pressurized hydraulic cranes can not work properly.
(2) hydraulic piping seriously damaged. Failure phenomenon: As the hydraulic system shock, vibration is too large, management of maintenance and other reasons during operation of the hydraulic pipe suddenly burst, causing a large number of hydraulic oil waste and environmental pollution.
(3) hydraulic cranes work disorders. Failure phenomenon: the impact of hydraulic systems, vibration is too large, control systems, hydraulic pump between zero and the brake adjustment obvious error.
(4) hydraulic control valve is insensitive. Failure phenomenon: hydraulic system shock, vibration, cranes insensitive action, brake action is not normal.
(5) failure of the accumulator. Failure phenomenon: cranes do not work, the control oil pressure normal; promote control handle from zero, the control oil pressure suddenly dropped sharply, resulting in low voltage protection relay and parking.
(6) oil filter filter breakdown, filter shell rupture, the oil filter bypass valve is turned on. Failure phenomenon: hydraulic oil pollution is serious, the system appears moving parts wear and failure control valves stuck, etc., wear tank at the bottom of a large number of objects appear.
(7) hydraulic oil cooler failure. Failure phenomenon: cranes move normally, the oil temperature anomalies increased, while no significant difference in temperature between the import and export cooler, cranes at work after a certain time, due to high temperature protection relay and parking.
(8) System Overheat, fault phenomenon: no significant temperature difference between the import cooler, fan damage; system leakage is too large, some very high surface temperature of hydraulic components, hydraulic motor speed decreased.
2. Failure Causes
Hydraulic cranes on the classification analysis of common failures that result in high failure rate of hydraulic cranes main reasons: poor management routine maintenance, hydraulic oil pollution is serious disrepair and hydraulic equipment. Specific performance:
(1) lack of routine maintenance on the hydraulic oil. Every time before arrival or not to put the tank bottom residues, a long-term lack of cleaning filters, filter are not changed regularly, causing excessive pressure drop filter in a bypass state long-term, due to lack of hydraulic oil filter, hydraulic oil in the solid particle contamination of hydraulic cranes greatly exceed the minimum use requirements, resulting in hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump in the severe wear of moving parts and the hydraulic control valve stuck fault, etc..
(2) improper use of hydraulic oil. Long-term use of hydraulic oil is not required for replacement; new and old hydraulic oil mix; fill hydraulic oil when oil was not necessary to filter the large amount of pollutants mixed; removal systems do not pay attention to maintain the system clean, but also subjected to the hydraulic oil pollution; tank ventilation filters are not properly maintaining population, serious damage, so a lot of pollutants into the system.
(3) hydraulic cranes lack of water sealing system maintenance. Waves caused by the rain on the erosion of hydraulic equipment and mixed with hydraulic oil, hydraulic oil emulsion to accelerate deterioration. In addition, the fuel tank in the air temperature difference between day and night, the role of water vapor produced by the condensate water is caused by hydraulic cranes in the water too much oil is an important factor.
(4) The wear of hydraulic system failure occurs after the overhaul, not to make the necessary system and flush the tank, causing the same type of fault on the same cranes on the repetition.
(5) lack of maintenance of hydraulic pipe. When the tubing, fittings failure symptoms, the lack of timely maintenance, resulting in burst pipes, pipe joints washed off, making the system a large number of hydraulic oil leakage and pollution of the environment.
(6) the lack of cranes hydraulic system maintenance. When the hydraulic pressure system and discord, can not adjust in time to make a serious impact on hydraulic systems, vibration, ill work up to the damage.
(7) seals with the accumulator bladder aging, such as the failure spring can not change in time, the lack of regular maintenance of equipment, resulting in high failure rate of wearing parts.
(8) management, maintenance personnel lack the necessary expertise, diagnostics and maintenance skills. When the hydraulic cranes failure, blind repairs, failure to make a simple failure to become complicated and lead to secondary failures, not only cause human, maintenance costs, waste, also missed the sailing.
(9) on board the lack of necessary spare parts and special tools, affects the normal maintenance and repair success rate, which affects the normal handling and shipment of goods.
(10) the maintenance of hydraulic cranes are very troublesome and laborious, but the incentive measures are not affecting the marine motivation for self-management, high maintenance costs. Guangzhou zishi Machinery Manufacturing Company Limited service complete with professional after-sales service team (hydraulic global services),
